The National Institute of Health has stated that the risk of the Nipah virus (NiV) occurring in Pakistan is currently low. However, it has urged authorities at entry points across the country to remain vigilant.
The Nipah virus was first identified in 1999 during an outbreak among pig farmers in Malaysia. It can be transmitted to humans from animals such as pigs and bats, as well as through contaminated food. Additionally, it can be transmitted directly from human to human. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are the natural host of the Nipah virus.
There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available for NiV in either humans or animals. The primary approach for treating infected individuals is supportive care, which addresses the symptoms and provides medical support as needed.
In recent months, NiV cases have resurfaced in India’s Kerala state, leading to school closures and testing of hundreds of residents.
According to an advisory issued by the National Institute of Health, six NiV cases were reported in Kerala in September, resulting in two deaths.
While the overall risk of NiV in Pakistan is considered low, there are factors that could allow its emergence, including the presence of certain bat species, international travel, and a long border with India where NiV outbreaks have occurred.
The advisory emphasizes raising awareness about risk factors and preventive measures, such as washing fruits properly and avoiding the consumption of partially eaten fruits that may be contaminated with bat secretions.
Healthcare professionals are also encouraged to be aware of the signs and symptoms of the virus, obtain travel history from patients, practice infection control precautions, and share suspected NiV case samples with the National Institute of Health.
The federal and provincial/regional health departments, points of entry (especially airports under the Border Health Services), hospitals, clinicians, laboratory personnel, and livestock and dairy departments are advised to stay vigilant and notify health authorities about any suspected cases or events of NiV.
The National Institute of Health is closely monitoring the situation regarding NiV in Pakistan.
